Standards/Policy Papers20 min read24 citations

Sustainable 6G: Carbon Footprint Assessment and Reduction Strategies

Dr. Jens Malmodin, Prof. Pernilla Bergmark

Ericsson Research

Jan 28, 2026View on arXiv

Abstract

We present the first comprehensive carbon footprint assessment of projected 6G networks and develop AI-driven strategies for achieving carbon neutrality. Our lifecycle analysis covers equipment manufacturing, network construction, operation, and decommissioning. Results show that without intervention, 6G networks could increase ICT sector emissions by 30% due to denser deployment and higher compute demands. However, our AI optimization strategies can reduce operational energy by 45% and total lifecycle emissions by 35%, making carbon-neutral 6G achievable by 2035.

AI Summary

AI-Generated Summary
  • First comprehensive carbon footprint assessment of projected 6G networks.
  • Without intervention, 6G could increase ICT emissions by 30%.
  • AI optimization reduces operational energy by 45% and lifecycle emissions by 35%.
  • Carbon-neutral 6G achievable by 2035 with proposed strategies.

Key Findings

  • 1Equipment manufacturing accounts for 40% of 6G lifecycle emissions.
  • 2AI-driven energy optimization is the single most effective reduction strategy.
  • 3Renewable energy sourcing reduces remaining operational emissions by 80%.

Industry Implications

Sustainability must be a primary design criterion for 6G from the start.

Equipment vendors must reduce manufacturing emissions alongside operational efficiency.

AI is essential for achieving 6G sustainability goals.

SustainabilityCarbon Neutral6G GreenEnergy Efficiency

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