6G/Telecom Papers18 min read20 citations

Extremely Large Aperture Arrays (ELAA) for 6G: Near-Field MIMO

Prof. Luca Sanguinetti, Dr. Andrea de Jesus Torres

University of Pisa

Jan 21, 2026View on arXiv

Abstract

We study extremely large aperture arrays (ELAA) for 6G systems where the array size is so large that many users fall within the near-field region. In this regime, the traditional far-field plane-wave assumption breaks down, and spherical wave propagation must be considered. We derive new capacity expressions for near-field MIMO and show that ELAA provides 2.5x higher spectral efficiency than conventional massive MIMO by exploiting distance-dependent focusing in addition to angular beamforming.

AI Summary

AI-Generated Summary
  • Study of ELAA near-field MIMO where traditional far-field assumptions break down.
  • 2.5x spectral efficiency improvement over conventional massive MIMO.
  • Exploits distance-dependent focusing as additional degree of freedom.
  • New capacity expressions for spherical wave propagation regime.

Key Findings

  • 1Near-field MIMO provides range resolution in addition to angular resolution.
  • 2Users at the same angle but different distances can be spatially separated.
  • 3Channel estimation in the near field requires new pilot design strategies.

Industry Implications

ELAA is a key enabler for extreme capacity in 6G dense deployments.

Near-field effects expand the spatial multiplexing capabilities of MIMO.

Requires new signal processing algorithms adapted for spherical waves.

ELAANear-FieldMIMO6G Capacity

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