AI/ML Papers16 min read14 citations

Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Radio Propagation Modeling

Dr. Andreas Molisch, Dr. Dawei Ying

University of Southern California

Feb 1, 2026View on arXiv

Abstract

We develop physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for radio propagation modeling that incorporate Maxwell's equations as soft constraints during training. By encoding electromagnetic wave physics directly into the loss function, our PINNs predict path loss and multipath characteristics with 5x less training data than purely data-driven approaches while maintaining equivalent accuracy. The model generalizes to unseen environments 3x better than standard neural network propagation models.

AI Summary

AI-Generated Summary
  • Physics-informed neural networks incorporating Maxwell's equations for propagation modeling.
  • 5x less training data required compared to purely data-driven approaches.
  • 3x better generalization to unseen environments.
  • Embeds electromagnetic physics directly into the neural network loss function.

Key Findings

  • 1Physics constraints dramatically reduce the amount of measurement data needed for model training.
  • 2PINNs correctly predict diffraction effects that data-only models often miss.
  • 3The approach works across sub-6 GHz, mmWave, and sub-THz frequency bands.

Industry Implications

Reduces the cost of channel measurement campaigns for 6G network planning.

Enables accurate propagation modeling in new frequency bands with limited data.

Bridges the gap between physics-based and ML-based propagation models.

PINNPropagationPhysics-InformedChannel Modeling

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