Standards/Policy Papers24 min read42 citations

Global 6G Race: Comparative Analysis of National Strategies and Investments

Dr. James A. Lewis, Dr. Samantha Bradshaw

CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies)

Jan 20, 2026View on arXiv

Abstract

This policy paper provides a comparative analysis of 6G national strategies from the US, EU, China, Japan, South Korea, and India. We evaluate each strategy across dimensions of funding ($35B+ globally), research focus areas, standardization approaches, and industrial policy. The analysis reveals three distinct models: market-driven (US), state-coordinated (China), and public-private partnership (EU, Japan, Korea). Each model has different implications for 6G technology leadership and global competitiveness.

AI Summary

AI-Generated Summary
  • Comparative analysis of 6G strategies across US, EU, China, Japan, Korea, and India.
  • Over $35B in combined global 6G investment commitments identified.
  • Three distinct models: market-driven, state-coordinated, public-private partnership.
  • Evaluates implications for technology leadership and global competitiveness.

Key Findings

  • 1China leads in total 6G funding but US leads in private sector R&D investment.
  • 2EU emphasizes sustainability and digital sovereignty in its 6G approach.
  • 3South Korea and Japan are closest to early 6G commercial trials (2028).

Industry Implications

6G will be a major arena for technology competition among nations.

International collaboration is needed on spectrum and standards despite competition.

Policy choices made in 2026-2027 will significantly influence 6G outcomes.

6G PolicyNational StrategyCompetitionInvestment

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